石油焦化是石油炼制过程之一,是在加热和长反应时间的条件下,使渣油发生深度裂化反应,转化为气体、汽油、柴油、重质馏分油和石油焦的过程。石油焦化原料几乎全部转化,且生成大量焦炭。原料来源于原油蒸馏所产的渣油或溶剂脱沥青所产的石油沥青,也可以用热裂化渣油或烃类裂解的焦油。石油焦化主要包括延迟焦化、釜式焦化、平炉焦化、流化焦化和灵活焦化等5种工艺过程。 Coking petroleum is one of the petroleum refining process, under the conditions of heating and long reaction time, the deep cracking reaction of residual oil, into gas, gasoline, diesel, heavy distillate and petroleum coke process. Almost all of the coking feedstock is converted and produces a large amount of coke. The raw materials come from the residue produced by the distillation of crude oil or the petroleum pitch produced by solvent deasphalting, but also the pyrolyzed cracked tar or oil. Petroleum coking mainly includes delayed coking, kettle coking, hearth coking, fluid coking and flexible coking and other five kinds of process.