没有观众就没有戏剧。以观众与演员当场交流为特点的戏剧,从诞生那天起,就开始寻找尽可能多地吸附观众的方法和途径。古希腊的方法是由官方举办戏剧艺术节。公元前五世纪,雅典政府分别举办悲剧竞赛会和喜剧竞赛会,规定竞赛会期间全城放假,并给观剧者发放津贴,奖励参赛的优胜者,把受各种条件限制不能出门看戏的人,都吸引到剧场里来,为戏剧集结大批观众创造了条件。后世艺术家继其绪。久而久之,戏剧艺术节成为西方一些国家连接戏剧生产和消费,传播戏剧文化的一个重要媒介。我国古典戏剧则没有这么幸运。它从诞生到繁荧,一直遭受封建统治阶级的冷通和摧残。从元代开始,我国历代封建王朝都颁布过禁毁戏曲的法令,地方政权亦从其恶。绝大多数权贵贱视戏曲,不但不肯属尊组织演出,而且对民间敛钱聚戏也要横加干涉。清代有的皇帝还规定,满族官员一律不 There is no drama without an audience. From the day of birth, the drama featuring spectators and actors on the spot exchanges started to look for ways and means to attract as many viewers as possible. The ancient Greek method is organized by the official Theater Arts Festival. In the fifth century BC, the Athens government held a tragedy contest and a comedy competition, which stipulated that the whole city should take a holiday during the competition and subsidize the performers, reward the winners of the competition, People, are attracted to the theater, to create a large theater for the audience to create the conditions. Later generations of artists follow its thread. Over time, the Theater Arts Festival has become an important medium connecting some Western countries in the production and consumption of drama and the dissemination of drama culture. Our classical drama is not so lucky. From its birth to prosperity, it has been subjected to the cold and destruction of the feudal ruling class. Since the Yuan Dynasty, all the feudal dynasties of our country have promulgated the decree to ban the destruction of Chinese opera, and local governments have also evolved from their evil. The vast majority of elite and cheap drama, not only refused to belong to the organization performance, but also gather money for private gatherings horizontal interference. Some emperors of the Qing Dynasty also stipulated that Manchu officials would not