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马克思的商品价格理论在微观层面包括单位商品的内在价格和市场价格,在宏观层面包括总量商品的平均内在价格和平均市场价格。根据马克思的交换价值和价格理论,把黄金货币的供给作为商品的有支付能力的需求,借鉴现代经济学的工具,建立马克思的黄金货币条件下的商品供求关系模型。利用该模型,研究在黄金货币、金本位、非金本位纸币条件下马克思的价格决定和变动理论。研究表明,无论货币如何演变,都是内生于商品经济体的,在黄金货币条件下所揭示的商品供求关系、商品价格决定和变动理论,都不会发生本质改变。
Marx’s theory of commodity prices includes the intrinsic price and the market price of the unit commodity at the micro level and the average intrinsic price and the average market price of the total quantity of goods at the macro level. According to Marx’s exchange value and price theory, taking the supply of gold money as the demand for payment ability of commodities, using the tools of modern economics, establishing the model of supply and demand of goods under the condition of gold and gold of Marx. Using this model, we study Marx’s theory of price decision and change under the condition of gold currency, gold standard and non-gold standard paper currency. The research shows that no matter how the currency evolves, it is endogenous to the commodity economy, and the essential relationship between the supply and demand of the commodity, the decision of the commodity price and the change theory revealed under the condition of the gold currency will not change essentially.