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习语是以特定话语场景中临时构建的语言单位组合为基础而形成的固定话语成品,在很长时期内为人们所相沿习用,包括成语、惯用语、谚语和歇后语等。每个习语的形成,虽然都有其特定的来源,但都遵循着一定的规律,与话语使用者的修辞动因密切相关。本文旨在探讨习语在修辞动因作用下的形成规律。首先,将详细论述习语在修辞动因作用下的形成规律;其次,结合习语的主要下位类型,探讨它们在修辞动因作用下的具体成因;最后,阐述在对外汉语教学中如何从习语在怎样的话语场景中产生、为了实现怎样的交际意图而被构建、为何能在较好的修辞效果中实现交际意图等方面来把握修辞动因,进行习语的教学。
Idioms are the fixed discourse products formed on the basis of the temporary combination of language units in a specific discourse scene and have been used by people for a long time, including idioms, idioms, proverbs and rest phrases. Although each idiom has its own specific source, each idiom follows certain rules and is closely related to rhetorical motivations of discourse users. This article aims to explore the formation of idioms under the rhetorical motivation. First of all, I will discuss in detail the rules of the formation of idioms under the influence of rhetorical motivations. Secondly, I will discuss the specific causes of idioms under the influence of rhetorical motivations based on the main types of idioms. Finally, What kind of discourse scene is generated, what kind of communicative intention is to be constructed, why we can grasp the rhetorical motivation in the aspect of better rhetorical effect and so on, so as to teach idioms.