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婴幼儿胸腺发育尚未成熟,细胞免疫和体液免疫功能低下,是感染和肿瘤等免疫缺陷性疾病的高发年龄组。近年研究证实,乙型病毒性肝炎和艾滋病病毒可以通过母亲子宫内、分娩过程或产后哺乳传播给婴儿,据统计儿童艾滋病中有71.7%的父母是此病的患者或高危人群。此外,在输血或应用未经严格检验的血液制品时,也可将病毒输给儿童,危及无辜者的生命。以上情况除针对病原进行抗病毒治疗外,调节或增强患者的免疫功能也是同样积极而有效的措施。另一方面,由于遗传基因使某些小儿易感自身免疫性疾病,或在骨髓及器官移植后,往往也需要应用免疫抑制剂进行治疗。因此儿科临床和科研工作者不得不重视免疫药物的进展。
Infant thymus is not yet mature, cellular immunity and humoral immune function is low, is a high incidence of immunodeficiency diseases such as infection and cancer age group. Recent studies have confirmed that hepatitis B and HIV can be transmitted to babies through the mother’s womb, childbirth or post-partum lactation. According to statistics, 71.7% of children with AIDS are parents or high-risk parents. In addition, blood transfusions or applications of unscheduled blood products can also be transmitted to children and endanger the lives of innocent people. In addition to the above situation in addition to antiviral therapy for the pathogen, regulating or enhancing the patient’s immune function is equally positive and effective measures. On the other hand, immunosuppressive agents are often required for the treatment of autoimmune diseases in some children due to genetic factors or after bone marrow and organ transplantation. Therefore, pediatric clinical and research workers have to pay attention to the progress of immunization drugs.