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1981~1987年,我国政府开始实施以稳定山林权属,给社员划定自留山,并落实林业生产责任制的林权改革,也就是所说的林业“三定”。南方集体林区,作为我国集体林的主要分布地区,林业“三定”对我国南方集体林区森林资源产生了重大影响。利用全国七次森林资源清查数据,采用计量经济学方法,分析了南方集体林区林业“三定”对森林资源产生的直接和潜在影响。研究的结果表明,林业“三定”对我国南方集体林区的森林源产生了显著的负面影响,对各省区影响程度不同。从南方9省区总体来看,林业“三定”使有林地面积下降465.44万公顷,使活立木蓄积减少了25 158.31万立方米,使林分面积减少了400.12万公顷,使林分蓄积减少了24 815.02万立方米。如果没有林业“三定”的影响,我国南方集体林区有林地面积将会增加307.98万公顷,活立木蓄积将增加23 245.53万立方米,林分面积将增加387.37万公顷,林分蓄积将增加30 875.10万立方米。同时经验性结果显示木材价格的上涨导致了南方集体林区森林资源的破坏。在此基础上,分析了产生这些问题的原因,提出一些对新一轮集体林产权制度改革的政策建议。
From 1981 to 1987, the Chinese government began to implement the reform of forest tenure in order to stabilize the tenure of mountain forests, delineation of self-sustaining mountains for members, and implementation of the responsibility system for forestry production, which is also called “three determinations” of forestry. In the southern collective forest area, as the main distribution area of collective forestry in our country, forestry “Sanding ” has a significant impact on the forest resources of the southern collective forest area in our country. Using the seven national forest inventory data and using econometrics method, this paper analyzes the direct and potential impacts of forestry “San Ding ” on the forest resources in the southern collective forest areas. The results of the study show that the forestry “Sanding ” has a significant negative impact on the forest resources of the southern collective forests in our country, with different degrees of impact on the provinces and autonomous regions. From the 9 provinces and autonomous regions in the south, forestry “Sanding ” decreased the area of forest land by 4.6544 million hectares, reduced the volume of living timber by 25,158.1 thousand cubic meters and reduced the area of forest area by 4.401 million hectares, Accumulation decreased by 248.15 million cubic meters. Without the influence of forestry and “three determinations”, there will be an increase of 3.0798 million hectares of forest land in the collective forest region of southern China, an increase of 23.25453 million cubic meters of live stumpage, and an increase of 3.8737 million hectares of forest area. There will be an increase of 308.775 million cubic meters. At the same time, empirical results show that the increase of timber prices has led to the destruction of forest resources in the southern collective forest areas. On this basis, the reasons for the emergence of these problems are analyzed, and some policy suggestions on the reform of a new round of collective forest property rights system are put forward.