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大气压弥散放电产生非热平衡等离子体在诸多高新技术领域具有较大应用潜力。分析了在常温常压的大气压条件下，形成和维持非热平衡等离子体的机制，提出了实现弥散放电应设法满足低放电电压、多电子崩发展和带电粒子温度抑制的条件。由此设计了在开放的大气压空气环境中实现大面积弥散放电的装置。根据逃逸电子击穿理论，选择重复频率、较低占空比的纳秒脉冲电激励方式作为弥散放电的低电压驱动源。利用线型电极的小曲率半径，构成极不均匀电场间隙。弥散放电分别在直线型电极和圆环型电极中进行。实验结果表明，所研制的放电装置能够以百kV以内峰值纳秒脉冲电压、数百Hz的频率激励若干厘米等级间距的大气压弥散放电。“,”The non-equilibrium plasmas produced by diffuse discharges have a great potential of application in many high technology fields. In room-temperature atmospheric air, the formation mechanism of non-equilibrium plasma is discussed and analysed. It is concluded that generating diffuse discharge in open air should meet the three conditions: low-voltage excitation, plentiful electron avalanches and temperature inhibition of spatial charge particles. A method of generating diffuse discharge is proposed and implemented. Based on runaway electrons breakdown theory, a low duty-ratio, high voltage repetitive nanosecond pulse generator is chosen as discharge excitation source. Using the wire-electrodes with small curvature radius, the gaps with highly non-uniform electrical field are structured. The experiments are performed in linear-type and ring-type electrode pairs. The results prove that the proposed method can generate typical diffuse discharges in cm. gaps via nanosecond pluses with less than 100kV peak voltage, hundreds of Hz repetitive frequency.