一、羞怯心理的负面影响 羞怯属个性心理的范畴,国外有调查显示,大约80％的成年人认为自己在儿童和青少年时期感到过明显的羞怯,而有40％的美国成年人称自己仍很羞怯。我们曾根据“斯坦福大学害羞问卷”并结合五年级学生课堂参与的情况编拟了一个调查问卷,结果表明,在课堂环境中有近一半的学生存在着不同程度的羞怯感。如果从原因类型上划分,课堂上小学生羞怯心理的产生有这样几种:①气质型羞怯。即生性比较腼腆内向,说话低声细语,见到生人就脸红,遇事胆怯退缩。②认识型羞怯。这种羞怯主要是由于过分关注自我,非常在意别人对自己的评价、患得患失的心理过重引起的。这样的学生总是谨小慎微,生怕自己的言行有什么不妥而遭到别人的耻笑。③挫折型羞怯。此类学生大多原本性格开朗、乐于参与,但在经历了若干挫折失败后,逐渐变得畏缩、退避了。④效能型羞怯。一些学习较困难的学生有时即使遇到很容易的问题,也会因其自信心不足而怯于参与。⑤学科型羞怯。像数学这种严谨性、抽象性较强的学科往往会加剧部分学生的羞怯感。 First, the negative impact of shyness Shyness is a category of personality psychology, foreign survey shows that about 80% of adults think they felt too shy in children and adolescents, while 40% of American adults said they are still shy . We have compiled a questionnaire based on the Stanford Shy Questionnaire in combination with fifth-graders' classroom participation and found that nearly half of the students in the classroom environment had varying degrees of shyness. If divided from the cause type, class pupils shyness in mind there are several: ① temperament shy. That is, more sexual 腼 腆 introverted, whispered words to see the stranger blush, failing to shy away. ② understanding type shy. This shyness is mainly due to excessive attention to self, very much concerned about the evaluation of others, suffering from the psychological overreaction caused. Such students are always cautious, afraid of what they say and what is wrong with others being ridiculed. ③ setback shyness. Most of these students originally cheerful, willing to participate, but after a number of setbacks failed, gradually shrinking, retreated. ④ performance type shy. Some students who are more difficult to learn sometimes do not get involved because of their lack of self-confidence, even when they encounter easy questions. ⑤ academic shyness. Disciplines such as mathematics that are more rigorous and abstract tend to exacerbate some students' shyness.