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惩罚性赔偿的主要功能是惩罚和遏制,特殊功能在于使私人协助执法。《劳动合同法》中的惩罚性赔偿承载着立法者的三种期待。从某种意义上说,惩罚性赔偿的保障作用是有限的,立法者的期待并未充分实现。制约惩罚性赔偿功能发挥的原因包括劳动者的激励不足和道德风险、用人单位的执法规避、公力救济不充分以及补充性执法机制缺失等。为实现惩罚性赔偿的功能最大化,应针对制约惩罚性赔偿功能发挥的原因做出有效回应。
The main function of punitive damages is punishment and containment. The special function is to enable private individuals to assist in law enforcement. The punitive damages in the Labor Contract Law bear the legislators’ three expectations. In a sense, the protective role of punitive damages is limited, and the expectation of legislators is not fully realized. The reasons that restrict the function of punitive damages include the labors ’lack of motivation and moral hazard, the employing units’ circumvention of law-enforcement, the inadequacy of public remedies and the absence of complementary enforcement mechanisms. In order to maximize the functions of punitive damages, an effective response should be made to the reasons that restrict the exertion of punitive damages.