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目的探讨气管支气管异物的并发症及其相关因素。方法回顾总结我院2008~2010年收治的气管支气管异物病例72例,观察其发病年龄、异物种类、病程、手术方法、麻醉方式及药物选择等因素与术前、术中、术后并发症的关系。结果气管支气管异物并发症发生率在术前依次为阻塞性肺气肿(45/72例)、肺部感染(38/72例)、阻塞性吸气性呼吸困难(16/72例)、阻塞性肺不张(4/72例)等,年龄与并发症的发生率成反比,植物类异物并发症发生率最高(91种次/57例),病程与并发症的发生率成正比;术中并发症主要是喉气管支气管痉挛(17/72例)、喉水肿(5/72例)等,保留自主呼吸未使用肌松药的静脉复合麻醉,术中出现喉气管支气管痉挛症状的发生率较高,术程长易出现喉水肿;术后出现的并发症主要是肺部感染(9/72例)、呼衰(4/72例)等,严重并发症主要出现在年龄小、异物碎屑多的患者。结论气管支气管异物多伴有并发症的出现,与之相关的因素很多,其中术前并发症主要与患者年龄、异物种类、病程等因素有关,术中并发症主要与麻醉方式及药物选择、术程等因素有关,术后并发症主要与患者年龄、异物种类等因素有关。
Objective To investigate the complications and related factors of tracheobronchial foreign body. Methods 72 cases of tracheobronchial foreign body admitted in our hospital from 2008 to 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The factors such as age of onset, type of foreign body, course of disease, operation method, anesthesia method and drug selection were compared with preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative complications relationship. Results The incidence of tracheobronchial foreign body complications was obstructive pulmonary emphysema (45/72 cases), pulmonary infection (38/72 cases), obstructive aspirating dyspnea (16/72 cases), occlusion Atypical atelectasis (4/72 cases), age and the incidence of complications is inversely proportional to the highest incidence of plant-based foreign body complications (91 times / 57 cases), the duration of the disease and the incidence of complications is proportional to; surgery The complications were mainly laryngotracheal tube spasm (17/72 cases), laryngeal edema (5/72 cases), etc., to maintain spontaneous breathing without muscle relaxant intravenous anesthesia, intraoperative laryngotracheal bronchospasm occurred in the incidence of symptoms (9/72 cases) and respiratory failure (4/72 cases). The serious complications mainly occurred in younger age, more debris in foreign body Of patients. Conclusions There are many complications associated with tracheobronchial foreign body, which are related to many factors. Among them, the preoperative complications mainly depend on the patient’s age, the type of foreign body and the course of the disease. The complications are mainly related to the anesthesia and drug selection, Cheng and other factors, postoperative complications mainly related to patient age, foreign body types and other factors.