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一、转变增长方式的根本问题在于提高资本效率最近全国上下都在谈论增长方式的转变问题。在60年代就讨论过的这个问题,在90年代再提出来,一定要有新意,一定要触及过去尚未触及的“粗放式增长”的根本性原因,也就是体制的原因。在经济理论中,一切物耗成本都可归结为“资本”这一生产要素,物耗成本过高,也就是资本耗费过大,资本的利用效率不高。所谓“外延式”发展的基本特征,就在于简单地用扩大投资的方式来发展经济,而不注重提高咨本的利用效率。在一个劳动力过剩、资本极度稀缺的经济中(按资本与劳动力的比例来看,我们国家也许是世界上资本最稀缺的国家),却长期不珍惜资本,不注意提高资本的利用效率,
First, the fundamental problem of transforming the mode of growth lies in raising capital efficiency. Recently, the issue of the transformation of the mode of growth has been talked about all over the country. The issue discussed in the 1960s must be reintroduced in the 1990s and must be touched upon the fundamental reason for the “extensive growth” that has not been touched upon in the past, that is, the reason for the system. In economic theory, all material costs can be attributed to the “capital” of the production factors, material cost is too high, that is, excessive capital expenditure, capital utilization efficiency is not high. The basic characteristic of the so-called “epitaxial” development lies in simply developing the economy by means of expanding investment rather than focusing on improving the utilization efficiency of the consultative materials. In an economy with excess labor and extremely scarce capital (our country may be the most capital-scarce country in the world in terms of the ratio of capital and labor), it does not cherish its capital for a long time and does not pay attention to raising the efficiency of capital utilization.