世纪之交的文学处于危机之中 ,这是当下理论界已经形成的共识。这种危机主要体现在三个方面 :一是形式主义和叙事学的昌盛 ,使文学龟缩于形式的物质外壳之中。崛起于上个世纪 80年代的先锋小说 ,曾经因为它的形式主义的创新而受到学界的赞誉 ,被看作是从“写什么”到“怎么写” The literature of the turn of the century is in crisis, which is the consensus that has now emerged in theorists. This crisis is mainly reflected in three aspects: First, the prosperity of formalism and narratology, so that literature in the form of the material shell. The avant-garde novel, which rose in the 1980s, was praised by the academic circles for its formalistic innovation. It is seen as a shift from “what to write” to “how to write”