中国古代很早就有开展地方扶贫自治的尝试,部分学者对我国古代的乡约和仓社制度进行了一定的研究,立足于中国历朝历代的本土资源,提出借鉴民间自治为基础的自下而上的扶贫实践模式。个人认为,中国传统的扶贫自治治理建立的社会基础是“乡土中国”而不是当代中国,它以传统的民间力量为中心而非现代意义上的政府,它的核心在于发挥传统民间社会组织的巨大作用。民间扶贫自治可能只是在理论的分析中有一定的可能性,它在社会的实际操作中可能遇到巨大的阻力,甚至会造成比当代中国“自上而下的扶贫治理”效果更差的副作用。 In ancient China, there was an attempt to carry out local pro-poor autonomy some early, and some scholars made some researches on the ancient system of rural treaty and warehouse in our country. Based on the local resources of ancient dynasties in China, Poverty alleviation practice model. Personally, the traditional social foundation for poverty alleviation and self-governance in China is established as “native China” instead of contemporary China. It focuses on traditional non-governmental forces rather than modern ones. Its core lies in playing traditional civil society organizations The great role. The autonomy of civil society for poverty alleviation may be only possible in the theoretical analysis. It may encounter great resistance in the actual operation of the society and may even be less effective than contemporary “top-down poverty alleviation governance” in contemporary China Side effects.