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目的:研究在不同模式的低氧训练过程中小肠免疫功能的应激反应和适应性变化规律及其机制。方法:5周龄雄性SD大鼠90只,随机分为:常氧对照(NC,n=10)组、常氧运动训练(NE,n=20)组、低氧对照(HC,n=20)组、低氧+运动训练(HE,n=20)组和高住低训(LHTL,n=20)组。通过人工低氧和游泳训练模拟高原训练和高住低训,分别在2周和6周后测定小肠组织中分泌型免疫球蛋A(SIgA)、防御素-5(RD-5)、溶菌酶、白细胞介素4(IL-4)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)含量以及多聚免疫球蛋白受体(p Ig R)和J链m RNA的表达。结果:(1)2周的运动训练使大鼠小肠组织中SIgA、溶菌酶、IL-4和TGF-β含量显著性降低,低氧暴露使SIgA、RD-5、溶菌酶、IL-4和TGF-β含量以及J链、p Ig R m RNA表达显著性降低,在低氧条件下进行运动训练对进一步降低SIgA、RD-5、溶菌酶、IL-4和TGF-β含量具有显著性的交互作用。(2)6周的运动训练使RD-5、溶菌酶、IL-4和TGF-β含量显著性降低,低氧暴露也可使SIgA、RD-5、溶菌酶、IL-4和TGF-β含量显著性降低,在低氧条件下进行运动训练对进一步降低RD-5、溶菌酶、IL-4和TGF-β含量具有显著性的交互作用,但对进一步降低SIgA含量、J链和p Ig R m RNA的表达无显著性的交互作用。(3)与NC组相比,2周的LHTL组溶菌酶、IL-4和TGF-β含量显著性降低,6周的LHTL组TGF-β含量显著性降低。与HE组相比,2周的LHTL组SIgA、RD-5、溶菌酶、LI-4和TGF-β含量有所增加,但无显著性差异,而J链和p Ig R的m RNA表达极显著性增加;6周的LHTH组SIgA、RD-5、溶菌酶、IL-4、TGF-β含量和p Ig R m RNA表达均显著性增加。结论:(1)低氧暴露和大强度的运动训练均可抑制肠道粘膜的免疫功能,在低氧条件下进行运动训练比单纯的低氧或者运动训练对肠道免疫功能的损伤更为严重。在低氧和运动这两个因素中,低氧暴露占主导地位。(2)大强度的运动训练通过抑制肠道Ig A的生成来影响SIgA合成,而低氧暴露通过抑制肠道Ig A的生成和SIgA的组配来影响SIgA的合成。(3)高住低训对肠道体液免疫的损伤低于传统的高原训练。
Objective: To study the regularity and mechanism of stress responses and adaptive changes of intestinal immune function in different modes of hypoxia training. Methods: Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 5 weeks, were randomly divided into normoxic control group (NC, n = 10), normoxic training group (NE, n = 20) ) Group, hypoxia + exercise training group (HE, n = 20), and LHTL group (n = 20). Simulated plateau training and high-living-low training were simulated by artificial hypoxia and swimming training. SIgA, RD-5, lysozyme , Interleukin 4 (IL-4), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and the expression of polyclonal immunoglobulin receptor (p Ig R) and J chain m RNA. Results: (1) After 2 weeks of exercise training, the contents of SIgA, lysozyme, IL-4 and TGF-βin the small intestine of rats were significantly decreased, and the levels of SIgA, RD-5, lysozyme, The expression of TGF-βand p-IgmRNA in J-chain and p-IgmRNA were significantly decreased. Exercise training in hypoxia significantly decreased the levels of SIgA, RD-5, lysozyme, IL-4 and TGF- Interaction. (2) After six weeks of exercise training, the contents of RD-5, lysozyme, IL-4 and TGF-βwere significantly decreased. Hypoxic exposure also induced SIgA, RD-5, lysozyme, IL-4 and TGF- L-5, Lysozyme, IL-4 and TGF-β in exercise training under hypoxia. However, there is a significant interaction between further lowering of SIgA, J chain and p Ig R m RNA expression no significant interaction. (3) Compared with NC group, the content of lysozyme, IL-4 and TGF-β in LHTL group decreased significantly at 2 weeks, and the content of TGF-β in LHTL group at 6 weeks decreased significantly. The levels of SIgA, RD-5, lysozyme, LI-4 and TGF-β in LHTL group increased compared with those in HE group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups The expression of SIgA, RD-5, lysozyme, IL-4, TGF-β and p Ig R m RNA in LHTH group increased significantly at 6 weeks. Conclusion: (1) Both hypoxia exposure and intensive exercise training can inhibit the intestinal mucosal immune function. Compared with simple hypoxia or exercise training, the exercise training under hypoxic conditions is more serious on the intestinal immune function . In hypoxia and exercise these two factors, hypoxia exposure dominates. (2) High-intensity exercise training affected SIgA synthesis by inhibiting the production of IgA in the intestine, whereas hypoxic exposure affected the synthesis of SIgA by inhibiting IgA production in the intestine and the combination of SIgA. (3) High and low abortion training on intestinal humoral immunity lower than the traditional plateau training.