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蝴蝶经过自然进化形成由脊(ridge)、肋(rib)、短肋(strut)等微结构构成的多层次、多维度的微纳分级结构,作用于入射光线,使其呈现出独特的光学特性。以蝶翅为模板,制备无机或有机三维材料,不仅可获得结构色、抗反射、热响应、选择性气体响应、定向粘连、超疏水等多种功能特性,并且可通过采用结构不同的蝶翅,改变复合物的厚度等因素进行调控;同时克服了人为仿生过程中设备复杂、构型简单、成本高的问题,为制备结构功能一体化材料提供了新的思路。从金属、金属氧化物、聚合物三个方面重点阐述蝶翅所赋予材料的特殊光学效应。金属蝶翅上的“肋(rib)”结构具有显著的表面局域增强效应,如Au蝶翅的灵敏度比商用表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)基板Klarite的高10倍但成本仅为其1/10;蝶翅表面的微细鳞片具有“捕光”效应,如蜂窝状结构的黑色鳞片对可见光的平均吸收率达到96%以上,可应用在光阳极、光催化等方面;蝶翅赋予响应性光子晶体特殊的光学特性,其会随着周围环境,如p H、电场、温度等发生变化,为制备更加简单、灵敏度高的传感器提供了途径。
After natural evolution, the butterfly forms a multi-level and multi-dimensional micro-nano hierarchical structure composed of ridge, rib, strut and other microstructures, which act on the incident light and present unique optical characteristics . Using the butterfly wings as a template, inorganic or organic three-dimensional materials can be prepared, and not only functional features such as structural color, antireflection, thermal response, selective gas response, directional adhesion and superhydrophobicity can be obtained, , Change the thickness of the complex and other factors to regulate; at the same time to overcome the artificial bionic process equipment complex, simple configuration, high cost, to provide a new way for the structural function of integrated materials. From the metal, metal oxide, polymer focus on the three aspects given by the wing of the special optical properties of the material. The “rib” structure on the metal butterfly has a significant surface-localized enhancement effect. For example, the Au butterfly has 10 times higher sensitivity than the commercially available surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate Klarite at only its cost 1/10; the surface of the butterfly wing fine scales with “light ” effect, such as the honeycomb structure of the black scales on the average absorption rate of visible light reached more than 96%, can be used in the photoanode, photocatalytic and so on; Given the special optical properties of responsive photonic crystals, they change with the surrounding environment such as p H, electric field, temperature, etc., providing a means for making simpler and more sensitive sensors.