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江泽民同志关于“创新是一个民族进步的灵魂,是国家兴旺发达的不竭动力”的论断,使创新和国家创新体系的研究日益受到人们的关柱。 一、创新的内涵及类型 国际上对创新的研究起源于美籍奥地利经济学家熊彼得提出的创新理论。他于1912年在《经济发展理论》中首先提出“创新”概念。按他的理论,创新指的是一种经济活动。是建立一种新的生产函数,在经济活动中引入新的思想、方法以实现生产要素新的组合。
Comrade Jiang Zemin’s thesis that “innovation is the soul of a nation’s progress and an inexhaustible motive force for the prosperity of a country” has made the study of innovation and the national innovation system increasingly subject to people’s concerns. I. The Connotation and Types of Innovation The international research on innovation originated from the innovative theory put forward by the Austrian economist Schumpeter. He first proposed the concept of “innovation” in “Economic Development Theory” in 1912. In his theory, innovation refers to an economic activity. It is to establish a new production function and introduce new ideas and methods in economic activities so as to realize a new combination of production factors.