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目的了解马兰地区汉族、维吾尔族、回族妇女对宫颈癌知识的认知情况以及对常规预防体检的态度。方法采用横断面调查方法,对南疆牧区三个民族妇女进行宫颈癌知识认知情况的流行病学问卷调查,并了解这三个民族妇女是否进行常规体检。结果问卷调查共1005例,其中汉族355例,维吾尔族328例,回族322例;对宫颈癌的知晓率分别为汉族70.4%、维吾尔族55.2%、回族47.2%;知道人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染与宫颈癌有关这一知识的人很少,分别为汉族20.6%、维吾尔族5.2%、回族11.5%;HPV的知晓率与年龄和教育程度有关。知道宫颈涂片意义者分别为汉族11.3%、维吾尔族2.7%、回族3.4%,绝大多数调查对象不知道宫颈涂片的意义;曾行宫颈涂片者(包括1年前及其以上)汉族占96.6%,维吾尔族占44.5%,回族占66.8%,多数妇女是在医师的建议下被动行涂片检查。结论南疆牧区三个民族妇女对HPV的知晓率较低,且不同民族知晓率存在非常显著性差异,对定期行宫颈涂片持被动态度,其中宫颈癌发病率相对高的维吾尔族妇女对宫颈癌及其相关知识的认知更是匮乏,大部分维吾尔族妇女一生中未做过涂片。因此,在马兰地区开展健康教育,提高人群的认识水平是成功预防宫颈癌的关键。
Objective To understand the cognition of cervical cancer among Han, Uygur and Hui women in Malan area and the attitude towards routine preventive medical examination. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence of cervical cancer among three ethnic women in southern pastoral area and to find out whether the three ethnic women performed routine physical examinations. Results There were 1005 cases in the questionnaire, of which 355 were Han, 328 were Uyghur and 322 were Hui. The awareness rates of cervical cancer were 70.4% for Han, 55.2% for Uyghur and 47.2% for Hui, respectively. Knowing that human papillomavirus (HPV) Very few people infected with this knowledge of cervical cancer, respectively, 20.6% Han, Uygur 5.2%, Hui 11.5%; HPV awareness and age and education level. Know that the meaning of cervical smear were Han 11.3%, Uygur 2.7%, Hui 3.4%, the vast majority of subjects do not know the meaning of cervical smear; who had cervical smear (including a year ago and above) Han Accounting for 96.6%, Uygur accounted for 44.5%, Hui accounted for 66.8%, the majority of women are under the physician’s advice was passive smear examination. Conclusion The awareness rate of HPV among three ethnic women in the south of Xinjiang was low and there was a significant difference among different ethnic groups. Uyghur women with a relatively high prevalence of cervical cancer had a lower rate of cervical cancer The awareness of cancer and its related knowledge is even more scarce. Most Uighur women have not done any smears in their lives. Therefore, to carry out health education in the Malan area to raise the level of people’s awareness is the key to successfully prevent cervical cancer.