本文旨在讨论社会主义经济体系的几个基本问题。在此讨论中,我将采取象西方经济学家谈论他们的衰退、通货膨胀及失业时所采取的那种直言不讳的态度。我预备集中讨论短缺(shortage)这个问题,这是社会主义经济学的中心问题之一,其地位就象资本主义经济中的失业问题一样。消费者们经常面临着各种短缺现象。让我以匈牙利为例:虽然过去几年中消费品供应已有不少改善,但缺货(deficit goods)仍继续扰乱着正常供应,成万人在等候着一台电话机或一辆汽车。最严重的是房屋短缺,这已形成一个紧迫的社会问题。 This article aims to discuss several basic issues of the socialist economy. In this discussion, I will adopt the outspoken attitude that Western economists are talking about their recession, inflation and unemployment. I am prepared to focus on the issue of shortage, one of the central issues of socialist economics, whose status is just like that of unemployment in a capitalist economy. Consumers often face a variety of shortages. Let me take Hungary as an example: Although the supply of consumer goods has improved considerably in the past few years, deficit goods continue to disrupt normal supply and tens of thousands of people are waiting for a telephone or a car. The most serious is the shortage of housing, which has created an urgent social problem.