效率与公平的均衡是发展经济首先要考虑的带有战略性的问题,社全主义的本质特征也充分体现了这一点。市场经济运行的逻辑是:效率由市场安排,公平则由政府管理。而对公平的理解和确定的标准,归根到底取决于生产力水平的高低和相应生产关系的性质。 我国城市化进程滞后于经济规模的扩展和产业结构的要求,根本原因是有关制度的变革没有跟上经济发展变化的需要。 1.户籍管理制度的改革。 建国之初,市民与农民只是以居住地点的不同而加以区分的,二者可以在空间上自由流动。自从1958年颁布实施《中华人民共和国户口登记条例》以后。才以户口的不同颜色将各自的身份圈定,这一实施了近半个世纪的政策。实际上是短缺经济约束下不得己而为之的权宜之计,非农业居民所享有的粮棉油、就业、就学、就医、住房及其他社会保障政策无法惠及全社会, The balance between efficiency and fairness is a strategic issue to be considered first in economic development. This is fully reflected in the essential features of socialism. The logic of market economy operation is: Efficiency is arranged by the market, while fairness is managed by the government. And the criteria for fair understanding and determination depend on the level of productive forces and the nature of the corresponding relations of production. The fundamental reason for our country’s urbanization lags behind the expansion of the economy and the demand of the industrial structure is that the reform of the relevant systems has not kept pace with the needs of economic development and changes. 1. Household registration management system reform. At the beginning of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, citizens and peasants were distinguished only by the place of residence, and both were free to move in space. Since the enactment of the “Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on the Registration of Hukou” in 1958. Only in different colors of the account will be their identity delineation, the implementation of nearly half a century of policy. In fact, it is an expedient measure that can not be done under the constraints of a shortage of economy. Non-agricultural residents can not enjoy the benefits of food, employment, education, medical treatment, shelter and other social security policies for the whole society.