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在先秦文学《登徒子好色赋》中,对邻家女孩有这样一句恰到好处的描述:“增之一分则太长,减之一分则太短”。从自然科学的角度看,这是一种定性描述,这种描述远比用游标卡尺测量出的几组数据来,更能传神地表达出一个人的外貌之美。实际上,这种方法在生物学实验中经常用及,尤其对实验操作过程中“度”的把握,当不需要或不能够用精确的数字来表述时,就需用这种定性说明,同样,也能使实验者准确领会。现把中学生物学中的部分实验,对有关量的定性描述,以及量多或量少可能出现的问题和原因总结如下。
In the pre-Qin literature “Lutheran erotic Fu”, the girl next door to have such an apt description: “One point is too long, minus one point is too short ”. This is a qualitative description from the point of view of the natural sciences, a description that is far more vivid than a few sets of data measured by a vernier caliper to more vividly convey the beauty of a person’s appearance. In fact, this method is often used in biological experiments and, in particular, to grasp the degree of experiment in the course of the experiment. When it is not necessary or can not be expressed in precise numbers, it is necessary to use this qualitative description Similarly, it allows the experimenter to comprehend exactly. Now some experiments in secondary school biology, the quantitative description of the amount, as well as the amount of more or less the possible problems and causes are summarized below.