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近年来,随着经济的高速发展,非法集资案在我国高发频发。每年数以千亿计的非法集资金额不仅给金融秩序带来了巨大的破坏,更是给数万个家庭造成了巨大的财产损失,严重打击了民间投资的积极性。在非法集资案件中,当事人往往都是以民间借贷的形式来进行资金往来。对这些借贷合同的效力问题,当前我国法律法规没有给出明确答案,主要存在“无效说”“有效说”和“效力分别说”。在司法实务中主张不一,甚至同一法院的法官之间都存在一定的认识分歧,造成同案不同判,影响了司法公正。认定合同效力的实质是国家“公权力”与公民“私权力”法律地位的高低高题,解决好非法集资案中的合同效力问题,有利于维持金融秩序,维护社会稳定。本文从前人的研究入手,根据合同当事人的意思自治,《民法总则》、《合同法》和《最高人民法院关于审理民间借贷案件适用法律若干问题的规定》等法规、司法解释关于合同效力的规定,刑法的谦抑性角度对借款合同效力进行浅析,希望能够引起司法界注意,从而推动“民刑并行”的审判程序对公民的财产权益予以保护,为经济的发展起到保障和推动作用。
In recent years, with the rapid economic development, illegal fund-raising cases have been reported with high incidence in our country. Hundreds of billions of illegal fund-raising amounts each year have not only caused tremendous damage to the financial order but also caused huge property losses to tens of thousands of families and severely hit the enthusiasm of private investment. In the case of illegal fund-raising, the parties often carry out fund exchanges in the form of private lending. The effectiveness of these lending contracts, the current laws and regulations in our country did not give a clear answer, there are mainly “invalid said ” “effective said ” and “effectiveness of said ”. In judicial practice, there are different opinions. Even some judges of the same court have some differences of understanding, resulting in different judgments on the same case and affecting the judicial fairness. The essence of determining the effectiveness of a contract is the high title of the legal status of the state “public power ” and the citizen “private power ”. The solution to the contractual effectiveness of the illegal fund-raising case is conducive to maintaining the financial order and maintaining social stability. Based on the autonomy of the parties involved in the contract, the provisions of the General Provisions of Civil Law, the Contract Law and the Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Non-government Loans Case, the judicial interpretation of the contract effectiveness Provisions, the modest and restrained perspective of the criminal law on the effectiveness of the loan contract analysis, hoping to attract the attention of the judiciary, thereby promoting “civil penalty parallel ” trial procedures to protect the citizens’ property rights, to protect the economic development And to promote the role.