目前世界上商品化疫苗均为单价和多价灭活疫苗 ,接种方法大多为浸泡。介绍了已商品化生产的疫苗及应用 ,活疫苗、微囊疫苗的研究现状和前景 ,免疫效果的判定方法以及受免鱼应激状态对免疫效果的影响。 At present, the commercialized vaccines are monovalent and multivalent inactivated vaccines, most of which are soaked. The vaccines and their applications, commercial vaccines and microcapsule vaccines are introduced. The research status quo and prospects of the vaccines, the judging methods of the immune effects and the effects of stress-free state on the immune effects are introduced.