Current management for spinal cord injury aims to reduce secondary damage and recover sensation and movement. Acute spinal cord injury is often accompanied by spinal cord compartment syndrome. Decom-pression by durotomy and/or myelotomy attempts to relieve secondary damage by completelyrelieving the compression of the spinal cord, removing the necrotic tissue, decreasing edema, reducing hemorrhage, and improving blood circulation in the spinal cord. However, it is controversial whether durotomy and/or my-elotomy after spinal cord injury are beneficial to neurological recovery. This review compares the clinical effects of durotomy with those of myelotomy in the treatment of spinal cord injury. We found that durot-omy has been performed more than myelotomy in the clinic, and that durotomy may be safer and more effective than myelotomy. Durotomy performed in humans had positive effects on neurological function in 92.3% of studies in this review, while durotomy in animals had positive effects on neurological function in 83.3% of studies. Myelotomy procedures were effective in 80% of animal studies, but only one clinical study of myelotomy has reported positive results, of motor and sensory improvement, in humans. However, a number of new animal studies have reported that durotomy and myelotomy are ineffective for spinal cord injury. More clinical data, in the form of a randomized controlled study, are needed to understand the ef-fectiveness of durotomy and myelotomy.