目的:探讨脑小血管病患者氧化应激标志物丙二醛(malondialdehyde，MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase，SOD)及磁共振负担与血管性认知障碍的相关性。方法:连续入选华北理工大学附属医院神经内科住院治疗的脑小血管病患者300例作为研究对象，选取同期门诊健康体检者60人作为对照组。根据简易智能精神状态量表(mini mental state examination，MMSE)评分结果将脑小血管病患者分为认知正常组(106例)和认知障碍组(194例)，其中认知障碍组根据蒙特利尔认知量表(Montreal cognitive assessment，MoCA)评分又分为轻度认知障碍组(101例)、中度认知障碍组(58例)和重度认知障碍组(35例)。MDA、SOD均采用双抗体夹心法测定，比较分析各项结果。结果:(1)与对照组[MDA：(8.40±1.81)μmol/L，SOD：(112.73±83.48)U/ml]比较，认知正常组[MDA：(8.46±2.05)μmol/L，SOD：(108.90±88.72)U/ml]、认知障碍组[MDA：(12.19±7.02)μmol/L，SOD：(62.64±20.34)U/ml]，MDA水平升高，SOD水平降低，差异有统计学意义(均n P<0.05)；与认知功能正常组比较，认知障碍组的MDA水平升高，SOD水平降低，差异有统计学意义(均n P<0.05)。与认知正常组[(1.18±1.10)分]相比，认知障碍组[(1.93±1.05)分]患者磁共振负担评分更高(n P<0.05)。(2)多因素Logistic回归显示，血浆MDA[n β＝0.110，n OR＝1.117，95%n CI(1.005～1.241)]、SOD水平[n β＝-0.024，n OR＝0.977，95%n CI(0.961～0.992)]及磁共振负担评分[n β＝0.453，n OR＝1.573，95%n CI(1.011～2.446)]是脑小血管病患者认知功能的影响因素。(3)与轻度认知障碍组[MDA：(7.95±2.44)μmol/L，SOD：(81.64±58.09)U/ml，磁共振负担：(1.69±0.99)分]比较，中、重度认知障碍组[中度MDA：(9.79±5.79)μmol/L，SOD：(76.13±46.00)U/ml，磁共振负担：(1.78±0.86)分；重度：MDA：(11.16±6.68)μmol/L，SOD：(63.49±20.04)U/ml，磁共振负担：(2.89±1.02)分]血浆MDA水平及磁共振负担评分增高，SOD水平降低，差异有统计学意义(均n P<0.05)；与中度认知障碍组比较，重度认知障碍组血浆MDA水平及磁共振负担评分增高，SOD水平降低，各组之间差异均有统计学意义(均n P<0.05)。n 结论:脑小血管病患者血浆MDA水平及磁共振负担评分增高、SOD水平降低均为发生认知障碍的危险因素，氧化应激损伤可能从多个层面参与了脑小血管病认知障碍的发生、发展过程。“,”Objective:To explore the correlation between oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), magnetic resonance burden and vascular cognitive impairment in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease (CSVD).Methods:Totally 300 patients with ischemic cerebral small vessel diseases who were admitted to the Department of Neurology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital were selected as the research subjects, and 60 healthy outpatients in the same period were selected as the control group.According to the results of mini mental state examination(MMSE), patients with ischemic cerebral small vessel diseases were divided into cognitive normal group (106 cases) and cognitive impairment group (194 cases). The cognitive impairment group was further divided into mild cognitive impairment group (101 cases), moderate cognitive impairment group (58 cases ) and severe cognitive impairment group (35 cases) according to Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). MDA and SOD were determined by double antibody sandwich method and the results were compared and analyzed.Results:(1) Compared with the control group(MDA: (8.40±1.81)μmol/L, SOD: (112.73±83.48)U/ml), the level of MDA increased while the level of SOD decreased significantly in normal group(MDA: (8.46±2.05)μmol/L, SOD: (108.90±88.72)U/ml) and cognitive impairment group(MDA: (12.19±7.02)μmol/L, SOD: (62.64±20.34)U/ml). Compared with the cognitive normal group, the level of SOD decreased significantly and MDA increased significantly in cognitive impairment group, the differences were statistically significant (alln P<0.05). Compared with the normal cognitive group (1.18±1.10), the cognitive impairment group (1.93±1.05) had a higher MRI burden score (n P<0.05). (2)Multivariate analysis showed that the decrease of plasma SOD level(n β=-0.024, n OR=0.977, 95%n CI=0.961-0.992)and the increase of plasma MDA level(n β=0.110, n OR=1.117, 95%n CI=1.005-1.241)and the MRI overall burden(n β=0.453, n OR=1.573, 95%n CI=1.011-2.446)were independent protective factors of vascular cognitive impairment in patients with ischemic CSVD.(3) Compared with mild cognitive impairment group(MDA: (9.79±5.79)μmol/L, SOD: (81.64±58.09)U/ml, MRI overall burdern (1.69±0.99)), the level of SOD decreased significantly and the level of MDA and the MRI overall burden increased significantly in moderate cognitive impairment group and severe cognitive impairment group(MDA: (7.95±2.44)μmol/L, SOD: (76.13±46.00)U/ml, MRI overall burden: (1.78±0.86)), (MDA: (11.16±6.68)μmol/L, SOD: (63.49±20.04)U/ml, MRI overall burden: (2.89±1.02). Compared with the moderate cognitive impairment group, the level of SOD decreased significantly and the level of MDA and the MRI overall burden increased significantly in the severe cognitive impairment group (alln P<0.05).n Conclusion:Increased plasma MDA level, MRI burden score and decreased SOD level in patients with CSVD are all risk factors for the occurrence of cognitive impairment.It is suggested that oxidative stress injury and cerebral small vessel lesions may be involved in the occurrence and development of cognitive impairment of CSVD from multiple aspects.