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前言卡仑湖位于开罗西南95公里的法尤姆洼地内,面积约226平方公里;湖面低于海平面45米。卡仑湖是法尤姆洼地中地势最低的部分,几乎法尤姆省全部农田的水都流入该湖。卡仑湖含有～40·10~6吨的盐类物质,溶解在10~9立方米的卤水中。每年,从农田排出375·10~6立方米盐度为1.2克/升的微咸盐水流入湖内,带来4.7·10~5吨盐。因此该湖没有出水口,而且几乎一年到头都是温暖干燥的气侯,以致湖中卤水渐渐蒸发,盐度便渐渐增高(Gorgy,1959)。这样的盐度增高对于动、植物群的生存有很大影响。历来在尼罗河里生长的某些鱼
Preface Karon Lake is located 95 km southwest of Cairo Fayoum depression, an area of about 226 square kilometers; the lake below the sea level of 45 meters. Lake Karun is the tallest part of the Fayum depression, to which almost all the farmland of the Fayum province flows into the lake. The Calhoun Lake contains ~ 40 · 10-6 tons of salt dissolved in 10 to 9 cubic meters of brine. Every year, 375.10 ~ 6 cubic meters of saltwater saltwater with a salinity of 1.2 g / L is discharged into the lake from the farmland, bringing about 4.7 · 10-5 tons of salt. As a result, there is no outlet in the lake, and it is warm and dry throughout the year, causing the brine in the lake to gradually evaporate and the salinity to gradually increase (Gorgy, 1959). Such an increase in salinity has a great impact on the survival of animals and plants. Some fish that have traditionally been grown in the Nile