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蚊虫是疟疾和登革热等多种疾病的传播媒介,媒介控制是阻断虫媒传染病的重要措施。当前对媒介的控制主要依赖于化学杀虫剂,但蚊虫已对杀虫剂产生了普遍抗性,加上疟原虫等耐药性问题的出现和抗疟疫苗的缺乏,急需发展新的方法和策略用于蚊媒传染病的防控。蚊子中肠是疟原虫等病原体在蚊虫体内发育的最大屏障,是阻断疾病传播的理想靶点。基于转基因蚊的遗传控制和转基因共生菌的共生控制是降低媒介效能和阻断疾病传播的两个有前景的新策略。遗传控制是直接以媒介昆虫作为遗传操作对象,通过表达抗病效应分子来阻断疾病的传播;转基因共生菌防治则是以共生微生物作为遗传改造的对象,在宿主体内表达抗病效应分子以达到阻断疾病传播的目的。本文对这些新防治方法的现状及应用进展进行综述,并讨论遗传控制和共生控制在蚊媒传染病防治的实际应用中所面临的问题。
Mosquitoes are a transmission medium for many diseases such as malaria and dengue fever. Media control is an important measure to stop the zoonotic diseases. The current media control relies mainly on chemical pesticides, but mosquitoes have become generally resistant to pesticides, coupled with the emergence of resistance problems such as malaria parasites and the lack of antimalarial vaccines, and the urgent need to develop new methods and Strategy for the prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases. Mosquito midgut is the largest barrier of pathogens such as malaria parasites in mosquitoes, is an ideal target to block the spread of disease. The symbiotic control of genetically controlled mosquito-based mosquitoes and symbiotic commensal bacteria are two promising new strategies for reducing vector potency and blocking the spread of disease. Genetic control is to directly use vector insects as genetic manipulators to block the spread of disease by expressing disease-resistant effector molecules. The prevention and treatment of transgenic commensal bacteria is based on the symbiotic microorganism as a genetically modified object, expressing the disease-resistant effector molecules in the host body to achieve The purpose of blocking the spread of disease. In this paper, the status of the new control methods and the application progress are summarized, and the problems in the practical application of genetic control and symbiotic control in the prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases are discussed.