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在中国古代很早已有“形胜”的概念,作为在自然山水环境中城市选址的笼统评价,至南宋,“形胜/形势”逐渐成为地方志中的固定体例,在明清更产生出相对固定的表述类型和格式语汇。地方志中的“形胜/形势”篇记录了当时人们对城市选址的思考与评价,其中所体现的基本原则和理想模式也正是指导城市选址实践的重要理论。本文通过梳理方志中“形胜/形势”篇目在内容和格式上的变化来考察这一概念的形成与固定;并通过明清时期永州地区诸府县城选址的实际特点考察当时“形胜/形势”理念对人居环境选址的重要影响。
As early as in ancient China, the concept of “shape wins” has long been used as a general assessment of the location of cities in natural landscapes. By the Southern Song Dynasty, the “shape wins / situation” gradually became a regular pattern in local chronicles and was more likely to occur in the Ming and Qing dynasties A relatively fixed expression type and format vocabulary. Local history “” shape wins / situation “chapter recorded the people's thinking and evaluation of the city site selection, which reflects the basic principles and ideal model is also an important theory to guide the practice of city location. This paper examines the formation and fixing of this concept by combing the changes of content and format in the articles of ”Fang Sheng / situation“ in Fang Zhizhong's article. By means of the actual characteristics of the locations of the prefectures and counties in Yongzhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, / Situation ”idea of the importance of human settlements location.