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目的:通过观测大鼠一般情况、肺组织病理和免疫学指标,评价以博莱霉素致肺纤维化为病理基础构建的肺气虚大鼠模型。方法:48只SD大鼠,随机分为空白组和模型组,每组各24只,复制BLMA5致大鼠肺间质纤维化的模型,两组均于造模后每天给予生理盐水灌胃,观测动物一般表现并记录体质量变化,分别于第7、14、28d处死8只大鼠,依次收集大鼠血清和肺组织。通过病理切片HE染色观察肺泡炎分度、MASSON染色观察肺纤维化分级的变化;用ELISA法测定血清中INF-γ、IL-4、IgG含量的变化。结果:(1)模型组大鼠与正常组大鼠比较,呼吸急促,心率加快,精神疲惫,活动量减少,行动迟缓,食量减少,体质量增幅减轻,与气虚的证候特点符合。(2)模型组大鼠早期肺组织以中性粒细胞为主,其次为嗜酸性粒细胞浸润,后期以淋巴细胞、成纤维细胞增生为主。(3)模型组大鼠血清中IgG表达在各时期呈逐渐下调趋势,与正常组相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。(4)模型组大鼠血清中IL-4的表达在各个时期呈增高趋势,而IFN-γ的表达在各时期呈逐渐下调趋势,并且IFN-γ/IL-4比值在各时期呈逐渐下降趋势,与正常组比较其差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:以肺纤维化为病理基础构建肺气虚模型是可行的。
OBJECTIVE: To observe the general conditions of rats, the pathological and immunological indexes of lung tissue, and to evaluate the rat model of pulmonary Qi deficiency with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis as the pathological basis. Methods: Forty eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank group and model group, 24 rats in each group. The model of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis induced by BLMA5 was duplicated. Both groups were given normal saline intragastrically after modeling, The animals were generally observed and their body mass changes were recorded. Eight rats were sacrificed on the 7th, 14th and 28th day, respectively, and the serum and lung tissues of the rats were collected sequentially. Pathological sections were stained with HE to observe the degree of alveolitis. MASSON staining was used to observe the changes of grade of pulmonary fibrosis. The levels of INF-γ, IL-4 and IgG in serum were determined by ELISA. Results: (1) Compared with normal rats, the rats in model group showed shortness of breath, fast heart rate, mental exhaustion, decreased activity, slow movement, reduced appetite and body weight increase, which accorded with the syndrome characteristics of qi deficiency. (2) In the model group, the early lung tissue was predominantly neutrophil, followed by eosinophil infiltration, followed by lymphocytes and fibroblasts. (3) The expression of IgG in the serum of model group gradually decreased at each time point, and the difference was statistically significant compared with the normal group (P <0.01). (4) The expression of IL-4 in the serum of model rats increased at each time point, while the expression of IFN-γ gradually decreased at each time point, and the ratio of IFN-γ / IL-4 gradually decreased Trend, compared with the normal group differences were statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusion: It is feasible to construct lung deficiency syndrome model with pulmonary fibrosis as the pathological basis.