缺氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1)和缺氧诱导因子-2(HIF-2)是细胞应对缺氧时关键的转录因子,在生物体生理及病理过程中有重要的作用。HIF由一个α亚基和一个β亚基组成二聚体。在蛋白水平上,HIF的稳定性及转录活性受到多种机制的调控,除为人所熟知的O2/PHDs/pVHL降解途径及FIH-1羟基化作用外,分别针对HIF-1α和HIF-2α的特异性调控机制也相继被报道。从HIF-1α和HIF-2α的蛋白结构、稳定性调控、转录激活功能以及两者在细胞代谢、肿瘤发生中的作用等方面对两者的相似性和差异性进行综述。 Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and hypoxia-inducible factor-2 (HIF-2) are key transcription factors when cells respond to hypoxia and play an important role in the physiological and pathological processes of the organism. HIF consists of an alpha subunit and a beta subunit to form a dimer. At the protein level, the stability and transcriptional activity of HIF are regulated by a variety of mechanisms. In addition to the well-known O2 / PHDs / pVHL degradation pathway and FIH-1 hydroxylation, HIF-1α and HIF-2α Specific regulatory mechanisms have also been reported. The similarities and differences between HIF-1α and HIF-2α in the aspects of protein structure, stability regulation, transcriptional activation and their roles in cell metabolism and tumorigenesis are summarized.