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大面积电荷耦合器件(CCD)成象探测器和高速微处理机的新发展,推动美国喷气推进实验室(JPL)着手研制一项新型的光电跟踪仪器。这些仪器是为NASA的各种标准应用而设计的。其特点是有特别高的定向精度和稳定性,以及主要由软件确定的工作能力,从而易于适应各种飞行任务的要求。本文探讨了把CCD探测器引入星跟踪器的各种方法和用现有CCD器件可望达到的工作性能。介绍了用一个传感器可完成不同制导任务的多功能传感器概念。提出了从点源图象和扩展源图象有效提取制导信息的软件算法。介绍了目前JPL正在研制的星跟踪器方案,讨论了实验室测试得到的性能数据。
New developments in large area CCD imaging detectors and high-speed microprocessors have propelled the US Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to begin developing a new type of electro-optical tracking instrument. These instruments are designed for various NASA standard applications. It features a particularly high degree of orientation accuracy and stability, as well as the ability to work predominantly by software, making it easy to adapt to the requirements of a variety of missions. This article explores the various methods of introducing a CCD detector into a star tracker and the performance expected from existing CCD devices. The concept of a multi-function sensor that can accomplish different guidance tasks with one sensor is introduced. A software algorithm is proposed to effectively extract the guidance information from point source images and extended source images. Describes the star tracker currently being developed by JPL and discusses the performance data obtained from lab tests.