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目的探讨火炸药科研人员职业健康状况。方法选择火炸药科研人员357人为观察组,同一单位内不接触火炸药危害因素的181人为对照组,进行工作场所职业危害因素现场监测、职业健康检查及问卷调查。结果①乙酸乙酯、硝化甘油、三硝基甲苯、甲苯二异氰酸酯的部分监测点超标。②观察组白细胞异常率和心动过缓发生率分别为53.9%和8.1%,而对照组分别为41.3%和2.2%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其他指标2组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③观察组人员头晕、头痛等症状的主观自觉症状异常发生率为76.2%,记忆力减退等症状的主观自觉症状异常发生率为46.8%,感到工作压力和精神压力大的占72.3%,而对照组分别为43.6%、24.3%和48.1%,2组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论亚健康状态是火炸药科研人员职业健康危害的主要表现形式,应有针对性地加强火炸药科研人员的职业健康防护措施。
Objective To explore the occupational health status of fire and explosives researchers. Methods A total of 357 fire-explosive research personnel were selected as the observation group. 181 people in the same unit who did not contact with the hazards of fire-explosives were selected as the control group to carry out on-site monitoring of occupational hazards in the workplace, occupational health examination and questionnaire survey. Results ① Some monitoring points of ethyl acetate, nitroglycerin, trinitrotoluene and toluene diisocyanate exceeded the standard. ② In the observation group, the rates of leukocyte abnormality and bradycardia were 53.9% and 8.1% respectively, while those in the control group were 41.3% and 2.2% respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between other two groups (P> 0.05). ③ In the observation group, the subjective symptoms of dizziness, headache and other symptoms were abnormally high (76.2%). The subjective symptoms of abnormal symptoms such as memory loss were 46.8%, while the working pressure and mental stress accounted for 72.3% (43.6%, 24.3% and 48.1% respectively). There were significant differences between the two groups (P <0.05). Conclusion Subhealth status is the main manifestation of the occupational health hazard of fire and explosives researchers. Occupational health protection measures of fire and explosives researchers should be strengthened in a targeted manner.