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早期的燧发枪(步枪原型)口径平均13.7毫米,到19世纪60年代,大多数军用步枪口径已减小到11毫米。1942年,德国StG44突击步枪首先使用7.62毫米步枪弹。随后,苏联的AK-47,美国的M-14,比利时的FNFAL等均采用7.62毫米步枪弹。 20世纪60年代越南战争爆发以后,东南亚的丛林地形使得M-14步枪和北约弹的弱点充分暴露出来。美军越来越感到没有必要如同“大石头打小苍蝇”那样使用大威力的北约弹和如此笨重的步枪。美军通过研究得出结论:步枪的作战距离无需超过400米,用高射速、小口径的轻弹头代替大威力的7.62毫米弹头,可提高杀伤
Early flintlocks (prototypes of rifles) had an average caliber of 13.7 millimeters. By the 1860s most caliber rifles had been reduced to 11 millimeters. In 1942, the German StG44 assault rifle first used a 7.62 mm rifle. Subsequently, the Soviet Union’s AK-47, the United States M-14, Belgium’s FNFAL Dengjun use 7.62 mm rifles. After the Vietnam War broke out in the 1960s, the jungle terrain of Southeast Asia fully exposed the weaknesses of the M-14 rifle and the NATO bomb. The U.S. military increasingly feels it is not necessary to use the powerful NATO rounds and bulky rifles like the “big rock flies”. Through the study, the U.S. military concluded that the rifle’s operational distance need not exceed 400 meters and that the high-velocity and small-caliber warhead can replace the powerful 7.62 mm warhead to increase its lethality