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目的 :了解前来急诊室就医的意外事故儿童的伤害类型、伤害原因、伤害程度等情况 ,为将来开展儿童意外事故的预防控制提供参考依据。方法 :采用病例的描述性分析。结果 :在本次分析的 41 6例意外事故儿童中 ,男童 (56 .7% )多于女童(41 .3 % ) ,年龄最小者不足 1个月 ,最大 1 4岁 ,平均 3 .1 9(Sd ,3 .0 5)岁 ,4岁以下的受伤儿童占 60 %。 86 .8%的意外事故发生在儿童家中 ,其中以客厅、卧室所占比例最大 ,分别为 38.5 %和 31 .3 %。时间分布上 ,1周内各天无显著性差异。在 1天内呈现 2 3∶0 0～ 6∶0 0发生的例数较少 ,从 7∶0 0开始 ,随时间推移逐步上升 ,1 7∶0 0～ 2 1∶0 0发生的意外事故例数为最高 ,占 41 .8%。意外伤害以皮肤表面挫伤、骨折最为常见 ,分别占 2 8.8%、2 3 .8% ,其次是烫伤 1 2 .7%。意外伤害的主要原因是跌伤 (占 60 .1 % )和烫伤 (占 1 2 .7% )。意外伤害的程度多比较轻微 ,ISS得分多为 1 (占 56 .1 % ) ,1 6分及以上者仅 1 4人。其伤害程度以骨折为最重 ,其次是颅内损伤。结论 :儿童家庭意外事故中以男童居多 ,其伤害程度多较轻微。大多数意外事故的原因为摔跤 ,其中以骨折为最严重的意外事故。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the types of injuries, the causes of injuries and the degree of injuries among children who come to the emergency room for medical treatment and provide a reference for future prevention and control of child accidents. Methods: Descriptive analysis of the cases. Results: Among the 41 6 accidental children analyzed in this analysis, 56.7% were boys (41.3%), the youngest was less than 1 month and the oldest was 14 years, an average of 3.1 9 (Sd, 3.05) years old, 60% of children under 4 years of age were injured. 86.8% of the accidents occurred in children’s homes, with the largest proportion being living rooms and bedrooms, accounting for 38.5% and 31.3% respectively. Time distribution, there is no significant difference in every day within 1 week. The number of cases with 2 3:0 0 ~ 6:0 0 occurring within 1 day is less, starting from 7:0 0 and gradually increasing with time, and the number of accidents occurring 1 7:0 0 ~ 2 1:0 0 The highest number, accounting for 41.8%. Accidental injury to the skin surface contusion, the most common fracture, respectively, 8.8%, 23.8%, followed by scalding 12.7%. The main causes of unintentional injuries were falls (60.1%) and scalds (12.7%). The degree of accidental injury was relatively mild with an ISS score of 1 (56.1%) and only 14 or 16 points or more. The degree of injury to fracture the most important, followed by intracranial injury. Conclusion: Most of the children in a family accident are boys, with more minor injuries. The cause of most accidents is wrestling, with fractures being the most serious accident.