一、停车位指标 1、影响居住区停车位指标的因素 (1)城市的长期交通战略 道路设施(包括道路和停车设施)是交通的载体。如果对城市道路系统的投入跟不上汽车交通需求的实际增长,便会产生各类交通问题,结果或降低城市效率、或破坏城市环境,危害极大。受城市经济承受能力的限制,并考虑资源的有效配置等因素,即使在高收入的国家和地区,也只有规模小、密度低的城市能够为充分小汽车化提供足够的道路设施。较大规模的城市若要大量发展小汽车,不得不以限制高密度的城市中心的规模为代价。而传统的、拥有强大市中心的城市只能选择以公共交通系统作为主要的上下班交通方式。过量的小汽车造成交通拥挤,从而降低道路投资效益,是应该避免的发展方式。与之相比,公共交通在提高效益、扩大社会福利方面均有明显优势。在“可持续发展”的观念已被普遍接受的今天,越来越多的城市将提高公共交通的使用比例作为城市交通的长期发展战略。然而,在居民具有购买小汽车的能力之后,公共交通系统就处于与小汽车的竞争中。公共交 I. Parking space indicators 1. Factors influencing parking space indicators in residential areas (1) Long-term transportation strategy in cities Road facilities (including roads and parking facilities) are the carriers of traffic. If the investment in the urban road system cannot keep up with the actual growth in the demand for car traffic, various types of traffic problems will occur. As a result, the urban efficiency will be reduced or the urban environment will be destroyed. Due to the constraints of the city’s economic capacity, and considering the effective allocation of resources, even in high-income countries and regions, only small-scale and low-density cities can provide sufficient road facilities for full car-based vehicleization. Larger cities, if they want to develop a large number of cars, have to sacrifice the size of high-density urban centers. The traditional city with a strong city center can only choose to use the public transportation system as the main mode of transportation. Excessive cars cause traffic congestion and thus reduce road investment benefits. It is a development method that should be avoided. In contrast, public transport has obvious advantages in improving efficiency and expanding social welfare. As the concept of “sustainable development” has been generally accepted, more and more cities will increase the proportion of public transport use as a long-term development strategy for urban transport. However, after residents have the ability to purchase cars, the public transportation system is in competition with cars. Public pay