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暴雨是形成洪水的主要因素,推算设计暴雨的目的,在于间接计算设计洪水。由于暴雨在时程上、地区上都有变化,某一设计频率的洪水,可以由若干不同降雨条件的暴雨所形成,因此我们所欲推求的设计暴雨,只是形成某一设计洪水特定型式的暴雨。这种特定型式的暴雨,一般用强度、历时、面积、频率等特征加以描述。设计暴雨的计算,涉及的问题很多,本文仅就主要问题讨论如下:
Rainstorm is the main factor in flood formation. The purpose of estimating rainstorm is to indirectly calculate the design flood. Due to the time-course and regional changes of heavy rainfall, the flood at a design frequency can be formed by several heavy rainstorms with different rainfall conditions. Therefore, the designed heavy rain we want to infer is only a specific type of heavy rain which forms a design flood . This particular type of storm is generally described in terms of intensity, duration, area, frequency, and other characteristics. The design of rainstorm calculation, involving many problems, this article only on the main issues discussed below: