历史是自然和人类社会发展的过程。历史科学是无所不包的科学。马克思、恩格斯说:“我们仅仅知道一门唯一的科学,即历史科学。”这里所谓历史科学包括自然史,即自然科学在内。后来恩格斯又在《卡尔·马克思〈政治经济学批判〉》一文中对“一门唯一的科学”的说法作了改变,说“凡不是自然科学的科学都是历史科学”。经过这一改变,历史科学依然是研究整个人类社会发展过程的无所不包的科学。历史科学的对象即历史本身是客观发展的过程,每个人都参加在里面起着各不相同的作 History is the process of development of nature and human society. History science is all-encompassing science. Marx and Engels said: “We only know one and only science, history science.” The so-called historical science here includes natural history, that is, natural science. Later, in his article “Critique of Political Economy” by Karl Marx, Engels changed his view that “all science that is not a natural science is historical science.” After this change, history science remains the all-encompassing science that studies the development of human society as a whole. The object of historical science, history itself, is the process of objective development, and everyone participates in the process of acting differently