目的　观察Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞手术治疗效果。方法　对手术治疗的Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞 2 1例进行分析。结果　全部患者无一例死亡 ,亦无感染及脑脊液漏。术后 2周随访肌力均有明显恢复。术后 3个月随访 ,绝大多数患者感觉减退明显改善。结论　适度后颅窝减压 ,小脑扁桃体解剖复位或部分切除 ,四脑室正中孔开放 ,枕大池扩大重建是目前治疗Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞的首选有效方法。 Objective To observe the surgical treatment of Chiari malformation combined with syringomyelia. Methods The surgical treatment of Chiari malformation combined with syringomyelia 21 cases were analyzed. Results None of the patients died and no infection and cerebrospinal fluid leakage. After 2 weeks follow-up muscle strength were significantly recovered. Follow-up 3 months after surgery, the vast majority of patients with sensory deterioration improved significantly. Conclusions Moderate posterior fossa decompression, anatomical reduction or partial resection of cerebellar tonsils, opening of the median hole in the fourth ventricle, and enlargement and reconstruction of the cisternia are the most effective and effective methods for the treatment of Chiari malformation combined with syringomyelia.