结构主义认为:“事物的真正本质不在事物本身,而在于我们在各种事物之间的构造,然后又在他们之间感觉到的那种关系”。[1]由此可知,当我们面对一个故事文本时,不仅要梳理其情节发展脉络,更需挖掘其内在结构与蕴含关系,如此才能更好地把握文本。格雷玛斯的结构主义叙事学是对普洛普等人学说的继承与发展,他的理论有三大支 Structuralism holds the opinion that “the true essence of things is not the things themselves, but the relations we construct between the various things and then the feelings that they feel between them.” [1] From this we can see that when we face the text of a story, we should not only sort out the context of its plot, but also excavate its internal structure and implication so that we can better grasp the text. Gramees’ structuralist narratology is the inheritance and development of the theory of Plop et al. His theory has three major branches