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人类MHC I链相关基因 (MHCclassIchain relatedgenes ,MIC)位于第 6号染色体短臂HLA Ⅰ类区域。但这些基因的组成、表达和产物不同于HLA Ⅰ类基因。MIC的编码蛋白被认为是上皮细胞应急 (stress)状态的标志 ,并作为激活NK细胞受体 (NKG2D)的配体。目前 ,已有MIC蛋白与NKG2D结合的分子模型报道。尽管MIC的相关功能和多态性的意义并没有被完全阐明 ,MIC的高可变性和高多态性却是不争的事实[1] 。下面就MIC的表达、蛋白的结构、功能、基因座位、基因多态性和与疾病的关联作一综述。
The human MHC I chain related gene (MHC) is located on the short arm HLA class I region on chromosome 6. However, the composition, expression and products of these genes are different from HLA class I genes. The encoded protein of the MIC is thought to be a marker of epithelial cell stress status and serves as a ligand for activating the NK cell receptor (NKG2D). At present, a molecular model of binding of MIC protein to NKG2D has been reported. Although the significance of the function and polymorphism of MIC has not been completely elucidated, the high variability and high polymorphism of MIC are an indisputable fact [1]. The following is a review of MIC expression, protein structure, function, gene loci, genetic polymorphisms and the relationship with the disease.