国有企业改革,已经搞了20多年了。其间经历了承包制、利改税、股份制改造等过程,到现在为止,除各地陆续卖掉、股份制改造了一批中小企业外,现存的大多数国有企业,还基本保持了国有独资的形态,特别是中央所属大中型企业,除债权转股权,企业改成由多家国有资本参股的部分企业外,绝大多数都是国有独资企业,股份制改造进展缓慢。但在这个过程中,我国国有企业在不断适应市场经济发展的条件下,为成功抵御1989年以后的经济制裁,抵御亚洲金融危机,发挥 The reform of state-owned enterprises has been carried out for more than 20 years. In the meantime, it has gone through such processes as contracting, tax reform, and joint-stock reform. Until now, apart from the successive sale and joint-stock reform of a group of small and medium-sized enterprises, most of the existing state-owned enterprises have basically maintained the state-owned sole proprietorship. In particular, the large and medium-sized enterprises of the Central Government, with the exception of debt-to-equity swaps, have turned enterprises into shares of several state-owned capital companies, the vast majority of them are wholly state-owned enterprises, and the progress of the joint-stock system has been slow. However, during this process, China’s state-owned enterprises have successfully adapted to the development of the market economy and successfully resisted the economic sanctions after 1989 and resisted the Asian financial crisis.