中国古代的无神论思想、唯物主义思想源远流长,并随着生产和社会的发展而不断完善和科学化,同时对形形色色的有神论进行了有力的批判。回顾、继承这份珍贵的思想遗产,有助于我们科学世界观的形成,态度显明的与各种有神论思想、封建迷信思想作斗争。本文拟就古代理性思想家对天命、上帝、神及天人关系的认识略作爬梳,以增进我们对中国古代思想精华的理解。早在原始社会时期,就有了人类最早的灵魂观念,灵魂不死是原 Ancient Chinese thought of atheism and materialism have a long history and are continuously perfected and scientifically developed with the development of production and society. Meanwhile, all kinds of theism have been strongly criticized. Recall that the inheritance of this precious legacy of ideology will help us to combat the formation of a scientific world outlook and our clear-headed attitude toward various theistic ideas and feudal superstitions. This article intends to make a brief review of ancient rationalists' understanding of the relationship between God and heaven, God, God and nature so as to enhance our understanding of the essence of ancient Chinese thought. As early as the primitive society, there is the earliest human soul concept, the soul is the original immortality