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摘 要：本文以实例介绍了三位一体写作教学模式在高中英语写作教学实践中的运用。重在详解写中阶段的审题、构思和成文的思维导向，特别是由词到句阶段的跳跃过程。
关键词：三位一体 写作教学模式 高中英语
中图分类号：G623 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1673-9795（2013）06（c）-0052-02
三位一体写作教学模式是我校教师在积极探索有效教学的过程中，根据我校的学生实际创造性地提出来的一种写作模式。它以建构主义理论教学法和认知心理学为指导，结合写作中常用的结果法、过程法、体裁法和支架式教学而逐步形成的一种写作模式。
它强调写前、写中和写后的一体化；自主探索、同伴互助和教师辅助的一体化；审题、构思和成文的一体化；人称、时态和要点的一体化；开头、正文和结尾的一体化；由词到句、由句到段和由段到文的一体化。（见图1）
本文以实例介绍写作实施过程。
写作任务：假定你是班长李华，上个月你班美籍同学Jack因病住院，你班老师嘱咐你给Jack发封E-mail，告知你自己以及班内发生的事情。请根据以下内容、写作要点和要求给Jack写E-mail。
写作要点：
（1）询问Jack的病情。
（2）告诉Jack你的情况和班内发生的事情。
（3）祝愿他早日康复。
要求：
（1）短文须写在答题卡指定区域。
（2）短文字数不少于100（不含写好的部分）。
（3）内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯。
（4）书写清晰、工整。
对于半开放作文而言，内容与形式同样重要，学生面临的困难不仅仅是如何写，写什么更是关键。因此，作文的第一步，教师要先与学生讨论写什么内容。根据讨论内容初步确定写以下七个方面的内容。
（1）你好点了吗？（2）我们很挂念你。（3）上周我参加了学校举办的演讲比赛，并且得了第一名，我很高兴。（4）我们是高三了，现在学习比以前更努力了。（5）我们换了一个历史老师，他的课堂风趣活泼，我们都喜欢他上课。（6）我们班新转来一位同学，他活泼可爱，我们喜欢与他交朋友。（7）希望你尽快恢复，这样我们就可以一起生活与学习了。
写作内容确定之后，就要进一步讨论有关审题、构思和成文的步骤。
1 审题
（1）人称：第一人称、第二人称、第三人称。
（2）时态：一般现在时、一般过去时为主，可能将来时。
（3）要点：询问Jack的病情；告诉Jack你的情况和班内发生的事情；祝愿他早日康复。
2 构思
（1）开头：询问Jack的病情。
（2）正文：告诉Jack你的情况和班内发生的事情。
（3）结尾：祝愿他早日康复。
在成文阶段，要注重引导学生使用不同的句式表达同一内容，特别是简单句，并列和主从复合句的灵活转化，以及强调句，非限制性定语从句和非谓语动词等高级表达的综合使用。
3 成文
由词到句。
（1）你好点了吗？
well/fine/better
Have you got any better？
Are you well/better now？
Are you feeling well/better now？
（2）我们很挂念/想念你。
be concerned about/miss
We are really concerned about you.
We miss you very much.
（3）上周我参加了学校举办的演讲比赛，并且得了第一名，我很高兴。
take part in held speech contest the first
Last week，our school held a speech contest.I took part in it and got the first.I am happy.
Last week， I took part in the speech contest held by our school.I got the first.I feel really happy.
Last week，I took part in the speech contest held by our school.I got the first，which makes me happy.
（4）我们是高三了，现在学习比以前更努力了。
Senior Three students work harder.
We are Senior Three students now， so we work harder than ever before.
As you know，we are Senior Three students now，so we are working harder than ever before.
As you know，we are Senior Three students now，so we all make full use of every minute and work harder than ever before.
（5）我们换了一个历史老师，他的课堂活泼有趣，我们都喜欢上他的课。
have lively and interesting We have a new history teacher， Mr Zhang， whose lesson is lively and interesting. We like his lessons now.
Mr Zhang is our new history teacher. He makes the class lively and interesting. We like his lessons now.
We have a new history teacher. He makes the class lively and interesting， so we all like history lessons now.
（6）我们班新转来一位同学，他活泼幽默，我们喜欢与他交朋友。
have lovely and humorous make friends with
We have a new classmate，too.He is lovely and humorous.We like to make friends with him.
There is a new classmate in our class， too，who is so lovely and humorous that we like to make friends with him.
We have a new classmate，too.He is such a lovely and humorous boy that we like to make friends with him.
（7）希望你尽快恢复，这样我们就可以一起生活与学习了。
soon /as soon as possible/you can recover from study and play together.
I hope you can recover from your illness soon.We can study and play together.
I hope you can recover from your illness as soon as possible/you can.We can study and play together.
I hope you can recover from your illness as soon as possible/you can so that we can study and play together.
由句到段。
你好点了吗？我们很想念你。
（1）Have you got any better？We are really concerned about you.
上周我参加了学校举办的演讲比赛，并且得了第一名，我很高兴。我们是高三了，现在学习比以前更努力了。我们换了一个历史老师，他的课堂风趣活泼，我们都喜欢他上课。我们班新转来一位同学，他幽默可爱，我们喜欢与他交朋友。
（2）Last week，I took part in a speech contest held by our school.I got the first，which makes me happy.As you know， we are Senior Three students now，so we all make full use of every minute and work harder than ever before.We have a new history teacher，Mr Zhang， who makes the class likely and interesting. We like history lesson now.There is a new classmate in our class，too，who is so lovely and humorous that we like to make friends with him.
希望你尽快恢复，这样我们就可以一起生活与学习了。
（3）I hope you can recover from your illness as soon as you can，so that we can study and play together.
由段到文。
Dear Jack，
I’m sorry you are ill in bed.Have you got any better？We are really concerned about you.
Last week，I took part in a speech contest held by our school.I got the first，which makes me happy.As you know， we are Senior Three students now，so we all make full use of every minute and work harder than ever before.We have a new history teacher，Mr Zhang， who makes the class likely and interesting.We like history lessons now.There is a new classmate in our class，too，who is so lovely and humorous that we like to make friends with him.
I hope you can recover from your illness as soon as you can，so that we can study and play together.
Yours
Li Hua
在此写作模式中，教师不要大包大揽，一定要以学生为中心，基于学生的基础，不断提升学生的写作能力，并且要使不同能力的学生都要得到提高。
参考文献
[1] 陈华奇.高中英语写作教学中有效的合作学习[J].中小学英语教学与研究，2006（7）.
[2] 高旭阳.写作档案袋：过程写作法实施中有效的载体[J].中小学英语教学与研究，2006（1）.
[3] 刘建良.高中英语写作错误成因及训练策略[J].中国教育学刊，2006（4）：70-71.
[4] 路世英.支架式教学在高中英语写作教学中的运用[J].中小学英语教学与研究，2007.
[5] 路世英.支架式教学在高中英语写作教学中的运用[D].西安：陕西师范大学，2008.
[6] 吴显有.英语课程标准的文体关注——兼谈中学英语写作教学[J].课程·教材·教法，2006（7）：39-43.
[7] 徐桂芳.高中英语写作教学的实践与探索[J].中小学外语教学，2006（3）：21-24.
[8] 钟启泉.知识建构与教学创新—社会建构主义知识论及其启示[J].全球教育展望，2006（8）：12-18.
关键词：三位一体 写作教学模式 高中英语
中图分类号：G623 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1673-9795（2013）06（c）-0052-02
三位一体写作教学模式是我校教师在积极探索有效教学的过程中，根据我校的学生实际创造性地提出来的一种写作模式。它以建构主义理论教学法和认知心理学为指导，结合写作中常用的结果法、过程法、体裁法和支架式教学而逐步形成的一种写作模式。
它强调写前、写中和写后的一体化；自主探索、同伴互助和教师辅助的一体化；审题、构思和成文的一体化；人称、时态和要点的一体化；开头、正文和结尾的一体化；由词到句、由句到段和由段到文的一体化。（见图1）
本文以实例介绍写作实施过程。
写作任务：假定你是班长李华，上个月你班美籍同学Jack因病住院，你班老师嘱咐你给Jack发封E-mail，告知你自己以及班内发生的事情。请根据以下内容、写作要点和要求给Jack写E-mail。
写作要点：
（1）询问Jack的病情。
（2）告诉Jack你的情况和班内发生的事情。
（3）祝愿他早日康复。
要求：
（1）短文须写在答题卡指定区域。
（2）短文字数不少于100（不含写好的部分）。
（3）内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯。
（4）书写清晰、工整。
对于半开放作文而言，内容与形式同样重要，学生面临的困难不仅仅是如何写，写什么更是关键。因此，作文的第一步，教师要先与学生讨论写什么内容。根据讨论内容初步确定写以下七个方面的内容。
（1）你好点了吗？（2）我们很挂念你。（3）上周我参加了学校举办的演讲比赛，并且得了第一名，我很高兴。（4）我们是高三了，现在学习比以前更努力了。（5）我们换了一个历史老师，他的课堂风趣活泼，我们都喜欢他上课。（6）我们班新转来一位同学，他活泼可爱，我们喜欢与他交朋友。（7）希望你尽快恢复，这样我们就可以一起生活与学习了。
写作内容确定之后，就要进一步讨论有关审题、构思和成文的步骤。
1 审题
（1）人称：第一人称、第二人称、第三人称。
（2）时态：一般现在时、一般过去时为主，可能将来时。
（3）要点：询问Jack的病情；告诉Jack你的情况和班内发生的事情；祝愿他早日康复。
2 构思
（1）开头：询问Jack的病情。
（2）正文：告诉Jack你的情况和班内发生的事情。
（3）结尾：祝愿他早日康复。
在成文阶段，要注重引导学生使用不同的句式表达同一内容，特别是简单句，并列和主从复合句的灵活转化，以及强调句，非限制性定语从句和非谓语动词等高级表达的综合使用。
3 成文
由词到句。
（1）你好点了吗？
well/fine/better
Have you got any better？
Are you well/better now？
Are you feeling well/better now？
（2）我们很挂念/想念你。
be concerned about/miss
We are really concerned about you.
We miss you very much.
（3）上周我参加了学校举办的演讲比赛，并且得了第一名，我很高兴。
take part in held speech contest the first
Last week，our school held a speech contest.I took part in it and got the first.I am happy.
Last week， I took part in the speech contest held by our school.I got the first.I feel really happy.
Last week，I took part in the speech contest held by our school.I got the first，which makes me happy.
（4）我们是高三了，现在学习比以前更努力了。
Senior Three students work harder.
We are Senior Three students now， so we work harder than ever before.
As you know，we are Senior Three students now，so we are working harder than ever before.
As you know，we are Senior Three students now，so we all make full use of every minute and work harder than ever before.
（5）我们换了一个历史老师，他的课堂活泼有趣，我们都喜欢上他的课。
have lively and interesting We have a new history teacher， Mr Zhang， whose lesson is lively and interesting. We like his lessons now.
Mr Zhang is our new history teacher. He makes the class lively and interesting. We like his lessons now.
We have a new history teacher. He makes the class lively and interesting， so we all like history lessons now.
（6）我们班新转来一位同学，他活泼幽默，我们喜欢与他交朋友。
have lovely and humorous make friends with
We have a new classmate，too.He is lovely and humorous.We like to make friends with him.
There is a new classmate in our class， too，who is so lovely and humorous that we like to make friends with him.
We have a new classmate，too.He is such a lovely and humorous boy that we like to make friends with him.
（7）希望你尽快恢复，这样我们就可以一起生活与学习了。
soon /as soon as possible/you can recover from study and play together.
I hope you can recover from your illness soon.We can study and play together.
I hope you can recover from your illness as soon as possible/you can.We can study and play together.
I hope you can recover from your illness as soon as possible/you can so that we can study and play together.
由句到段。
你好点了吗？我们很想念你。
（1）Have you got any better？We are really concerned about you.
上周我参加了学校举办的演讲比赛，并且得了第一名，我很高兴。我们是高三了，现在学习比以前更努力了。我们换了一个历史老师，他的课堂风趣活泼，我们都喜欢他上课。我们班新转来一位同学，他幽默可爱，我们喜欢与他交朋友。
（2）Last week，I took part in a speech contest held by our school.I got the first，which makes me happy.As you know， we are Senior Three students now，so we all make full use of every minute and work harder than ever before.We have a new history teacher，Mr Zhang， who makes the class likely and interesting. We like history lesson now.There is a new classmate in our class，too，who is so lovely and humorous that we like to make friends with him.
希望你尽快恢复，这样我们就可以一起生活与学习了。
（3）I hope you can recover from your illness as soon as you can，so that we can study and play together.
由段到文。
Dear Jack，
I’m sorry you are ill in bed.Have you got any better？We are really concerned about you.
Last week，I took part in a speech contest held by our school.I got the first，which makes me happy.As you know， we are Senior Three students now，so we all make full use of every minute and work harder than ever before.We have a new history teacher，Mr Zhang， who makes the class likely and interesting.We like history lessons now.There is a new classmate in our class，too，who is so lovely and humorous that we like to make friends with him.
I hope you can recover from your illness as soon as you can，so that we can study and play together.
Yours
Li Hua
在此写作模式中，教师不要大包大揽，一定要以学生为中心，基于学生的基础，不断提升学生的写作能力，并且要使不同能力的学生都要得到提高。
参考文献
[1] 陈华奇.高中英语写作教学中有效的合作学习[J].中小学英语教学与研究，2006（7）.
[2] 高旭阳.写作档案袋：过程写作法实施中有效的载体[J].中小学英语教学与研究，2006（1）.
[3] 刘建良.高中英语写作错误成因及训练策略[J].中国教育学刊，2006（4）：70-71.
[4] 路世英.支架式教学在高中英语写作教学中的运用[J].中小学英语教学与研究，2007.
[5] 路世英.支架式教学在高中英语写作教学中的运用[D].西安：陕西师范大学，2008.
[6] 吴显有.英语课程标准的文体关注——兼谈中学英语写作教学[J].课程·教材·教法，2006（7）：39-43.
[7] 徐桂芳.高中英语写作教学的实践与探索[J].中小学外语教学，2006（3）：21-24.
[8] 钟启泉.知识建构与教学创新—社会建构主义知识论及其启示[J].全球教育展望，2006（8）：12-18.