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要评价苏联切尔诺贝利反应堆事故的最后影响,尚为时过早。但一个积极的后果是因此而加强了对反应堆安全的重视,其效果比美国和西方核工程师呼吁十年的作用还大。 1979年美国三里岛核事故之后,反应堆安全问题已受到重视。全世界目前运行的商业核反应堆多达12种类型。已知的反应堆中,一半以上是压水堆,美国压水堆占62％之多。美国西屋公司是压水堆的主要制造商,已有三十年历史。三十年来,压水堆的安全性没有重大改进。最近西屋公司提出了改进型压水堆计划,对核技术产生了强烈影响。这项计划采用广泛模拟手段进行了研究,一项
It is too early to assess the final impact of the Soviet Chernobyl reactor accident. However, a positive consequence is thus the increased emphasis on reactor safety, which has a far greater effect than the call of the United States and Western nuclear engineers for a decade. After the Three Mile Island nuclear accident in 1979, the issue of reactor safety has been taken seriously. There are up to 12 commercial nuclear reactors currently operating worldwide. More than half of the known reactors are PWRs, and the United States accounts for 62% of PWRs. Westinghouse, the United States, is a major manufacturer of PWRs for over 30 years. For three decades there has been no major improvement in the safety of PWRs. Westinghouse recently proposed an improved PWR project that had a strong impact on nuclear technology. This project has been studied using a wide range of simulation tools, one