本文讨论阴极电子学与物理学基础理论间的相互关系。从体效应中总结出来的固体理论,不能有效地解释电子发射的问题,因为电子发射主要地来源于表面。另一方面,各种形式的电子发射可用作探测固体表面的手段,对建立表面科学提供更多的信息。此外,文中对阴极电子学的性质和发展概况也作了论述。 This article discusses the interrelationship between cathodic electronics and the basic theory of physics. The solid theory, summarized from the body effect, can not effectively explain the issue of electron emission since the electron emission is mainly derived from the surface. On the other hand, various forms of electron emission can be used as a means of detecting solid surfaces, providing more information on the establishment of surface science. In addition, the article describes the nature and development of cathode electronics.