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目的了解天津高校大学生乙肝歧视现状及其影响因素,为改善乙肝歧视社会环境提供参考。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法抽取天津市6所高校的1 013名在校大学生,使用问卷调查乙肝相关知识认知及乙肝歧视等情况。结果调查对象的歧视得分平均为(38.49±25.30)分,歧视程度为低、中和高的人数分别为842(83.1%),91(9.0%)和80人(7.9%)。有492人(48.7%)同意大学拒收乙肝患者或病毒携带者,648人(64.3%)介意情侣是乙肝患者或病毒携带者,511人(50.5%)介意与乙肝患者或病毒携带者进餐。在介意情侣是乙肝患者或病毒携带者、介意与乙肝患者或病毒携带者进餐和握手方面,不同乙肝知识得分等级组间差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为7.325,7.617,9.602,P值均<0.05)。有序多分类Logistic回归分析发现,年级、母亲学历、是否主动了解乙肝知识和乙肝知识得分等级为影响乙肝歧视程度的因素(P值均<0.05)。结论天津市部分大学生存在乙肝歧视现象,应通过加强乙肝传播途径等相关知识教育使其树立正确意识。
Objective To understand the current status and influencing factors of hepatitis B discrimination among undergraduates in Tianjin and to provide reference for improving the social environment of hepatitis B discrimination. Methods A total of 1 013 undergraduates from 6 universities in Tianjin were recruited using a multistage randomized cluster sampling method. Questionnaires were used to investigate the related knowledge of hepatitis B and hepatitis B discrimination. Results The average discrimination score of the surveyed subjects was (38.49 ± 25.30) points, with a low level of discrimination and 84.4% (83.1%) of the moderately high and 91 (9.0%) of the high and 80 (7.9%) of them respectively. 492 (48.7%) agreed with the University that they rejected hepatitis B patients or virus carriers, 648 (64.3%) thought they were hepatitis B patients or virus carriers, and 511 (50.5%) dined with hepatitis B patients or virus carriers. There were statistically significant differences in scores of different knowledge levels of hepatitis B between the two groups (P <0.05), while those who thought they were hepatitis B patients or virus carriers, who dined on meal and handshake with hepatitis B patients or virus carriers (χ2 = 7.325,7.617,9.602, P = All <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that grade, mothers’ educational level, whether or not they took the initiative to understand the knowledge of hepatitis B and the level of their knowledge of hepatitis B were the factors influencing the degree of discrimination of hepatitis B (P <0.05). Conclusion Some college students in Tianjin have the phenomenon of discrimination against hepatitis B, and should establish a correct awareness by strengthening the relevant knowledge education such as the route of hepatitis B transmission.