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一、过水拱坝的水流特性及主要类型就水流情况而言,拱坝过水主要的问题是溢流水舌对下游河床的冲刷和消能问题。从结构条件看,拱坝的稳定主要是靠周缘基岩的支撑,只要下游冲刷不影响到支承拱体的基岩受力范围以内,即不致影响到坝体的安全。另外,坝区地质常常会有顺河节理存在,河岸如受冲刷,会引起岸坡滑方,影响到坝肩支承基岩的稳定。因而有时为两岸地质条件所限,坝顶的溢流长度常受到一定限制。
First, over the water flow characteristics of arch dam and the main types of flow conditions, the main problem of over-flow arch dam overflow water tongue on the downstream river bed erosion and energy dissipation. From the structural conditions, the stability of the arch dam is mainly supported by the peripheral bedrock, as long as the downstream scour does not affect the supporting range of the bedrock of the arch, that will not affect the safety of the dam. In addition, the dam area geology often has the presence of Shunhe riverbanks, such as the scour, will cause bank slides, affecting the stability of abutment supporting bedrock. As a result, it is sometimes limited by the geological conditions of the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, and the overflow length at the crest of the dam is often limited.