[目的]评价儿童超重肥胖的干预效果,培养小学生健康的生活方式。[方法]采用整群随机抽样方法,在上海市松江区抽取4所小学,其中3所作为干预校实施干预措施,1所学校不进行干预作为对照。在每所学校2~4年级中,每年级随机抽取2个班的小学生做效果评价。对1067名学生(干预组833人,对照组234人)实施为期1年的干预。干预前、后对所有研究对象及其家长、教师进行肥胖相关知信行问卷调查,同时对小学生进行体格检查。[结果]干预组小学生的肥胖情况得到一定改善,干预前、后干预组的肥胖率分别是11.5%和9.4%。干预组小学生血红蛋白平均值上升了1.25g/L。干预组小学生、家长及教师的肥胖相关知识、态度、行为得分的增长率高于对照组,干预组的得分增长率分别为:小学生8.2%、9.7%、10.0%;家长4.6%、2.6%、5.7%;教师8.6%、6.9%、11.0%。[结论]营养健康教育及身体活动干预对控制小学生肥胖可起到一定作用,但需长期坚持并评价其效果。 [Objective] To evaluate the intervention effect of overweight and obesity in children and develop a healthy lifestyle for pupils. [Method] Using the cluster random sampling method, 4 primary schools were selected in Songjiang District, Shanghai. Three of them were used as intervention schools to implement interventions. One school did not intervene as a control. In each grade 2 ~ 4, each grade randomly selected two classes of primary school students to do the effect evaluation. A one-year intervention was administered to 1,067 students (833 in the intervention group and 234 in the control group). Before and after intervention, all subjects and their parents and teachers were asked to do obesity-related informative questionnaire survey and physical examination of pupils. [Result] The obesity of pupils in intervention group was improved to a certain extent. The obesity rates of intervention group and before intervention group were 11.5% and 9.4% respectively. Intervention group pupil hemoglobin average increased 1.25g / L. The growth rates of obesity-related knowledge, attitude and behavior scores among pupils, parents and teachers in intervention group were higher than those in control group. The growth rates of the intervention group were 8.2%, 9.7% and 10.0% for primary students, 4.6% for parents, 2.6% 5.7%; teachers 8.6%, 6.9%, 11.0%. [Conclusion] Nutritional health education and physical activity intervention may play a certain role in controlling primary school obesity, but long-term adherence and evaluation of their effects are needed.