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多丝正比室是高能物理实验中最常用的探测器之一。在多丝室制作过程中,有一个基本环节就是要严格控制金属丝的张力。目前,张力的测量方法一般有两种:一种是重物法,在拉紧的丝上加一小重物,通过测量丝的下垂,计算丝的张力;另一种是共振法,利用共振测量丝的固有振动频率,依此而算出张力。共振法还分两种方式:一是交变电流共振法,把丝置放在一恒定磁场中,在丝上通过交变电流,利用电磁力驱使丝振动。二是静电共振法,在丝附近放一个金属条,金属条与丝之间加高压低频交变电场,利用二者之间的库仑力使丝振动。实验结果表明,静电共振法效果最佳。其优点是:(1)测量精度高,约0.5％;(2)不直接接触丝,不会造成丝的机械损坏;(3)可以同时观察多根丝的张力情况,效率高,操作方便;(4)不在丝上通电流,功耗小,也不会引起因电流加热而产生的误差。
Multi-wire proportional chambers are one of the most commonly used detectors in high-energy physics experiments. In the multi-wire room production process, there is an essential part is to strictly control the tension of the wire. At present, tension measurement methods generally have two kinds: one is weight method, the tension in the wire plus a small weight, by measuring the sagging of the wire to calculate the tension of the wire; the other is the resonance method, the use of resonance The natural frequency of the yarn is measured, and the tension is calculated accordingly. Resonance method is also divided into two ways: First, alternating current resonance method, the wire placed in a constant magnetic field, the wire through the alternating current, the use of electromagnetic force to drive the wire vibration. Second, the electrostatic resonance method, put a metal strip in the vicinity of the wire, high voltage and low frequency alternating electric field between the metal strip and the wire, the use of Coulomb force between the two wire vibration. The experimental results show that electrostatic resonance method is the best. The advantages are: (1) the measurement accuracy is high, about 0.5%; (2) no direct contact with the wire will not cause mechanical damage to the wire; (3) the tension of a plurality of wires can be observed simultaneously; the efficiency is high and the operation is convenient; (4) is not on the wire through the current, low power consumption, it will not cause errors due to current heating.