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在研究原子结构和元素化学性质的关系中,原子中核外电子的互斥作用,尤其是价层电子d电子间、f电子间和d、f电子间的互斥作用及对元素化学性质的影响是不可忽视的。正是由于这种作用,往往使元素在周期表中的化学性质变化规律出现了一些反常现象。 一、核外电子的互斥作用和轨道角量 子数间的关系 通过一些实验数据,Koopman提出了原子中原子轨道的能量近似等于这个轨道上的一个电子电离能的负值。例如:我们从稳定态钾原子的电离能和从钾原子的一种激发态(4s电子激发到3d轨道上)电离能数据可求出K原子核外的4s轨道和3d轨道的能
In the study of the relationship between atomic structure and elemental chemical properties, the mutual exclusion of extranuclear electrons in atoms, especially the mutual exclusion between valence electrons, f electrons and d, f electrons in the valence electrons and on the chemical properties of the elements Can not be ignored. It is because of this role that some anomalies often occur in the regular changes of the chemical properties of the elements in the periodic table. First, the mutual exclusivity of extranuclear electrons and the relationship between quantum orbit angles Koopman proposed that the energy of an atomic orbital in an atom be approximately equal to the negative value of an electron’s ionization energy in this orbit. For example, we can derive the energy of the 4s and 3d orbitals outside the K nucleus from the ionization energies of the stable potassium atom and the ionization energy data from an excited state of the potassium atom (4s electron excitation to 3d orbit)