目的了解2011-2014年四川省流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)流行病学特征,为乙脑防控提供科学依据。方法采用描述性研究方法,利用《乙脑监测信息报告管理系统》网络直报的数据进行流行病学分析。结果全省21各市州4年共报告乙脑病例1 148例,死亡43例,年发病率为0.37/10万,年平均死亡率0.014/10万。发病季节性明显,6月开始上升,7~8月为高峰,与全国发病一致。病例主要集中在10岁以下儿童(1 028例),占乙脑发病数的89.55%。男女发病数分别为647例、501例,男女发病比为1.29∶1。人群以散居儿童和学生为主(79.79%)。病例实验室检测确诊925例(80.57%)。类型以极重性为主。疫苗接种率低下,270例病例未接种过疫苗,620例接种史不详,仅有258例有明确接种史。结论疫苗接种是预防和控制乙脑发病最为有效的策略和措施,应加大乙脑疫苗接种力度。 Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Sichuan province from 2011 to 2014 and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of JE. Methods Using descriptive research methods, epidemiological analysis was conducted using the direct reporting data of JE monitoring information report management system. Results A total of 1 148 cases of JE cases and 43 deaths were reported in 21 cities and prefectures in the whole province in 4 years. The annual incidence was 0.37 / lakh and the annual average death rate was 0.014 / lakh. Seasonal obvious onset in June began to rise, 7 to August for the peak, consistent with the national incidence. The cases mainly concentrated in children under 10 years old (1028 cases), accounting for 89.55% of the number of JE. The incidence of male and female were 647 cases, 501 cases, the incidence of male-female ratio was 1.29: 1. The population is dominated by scattered children and students (79.79%). Case laboratory tests confirmed 925 cases (80.57%). The type is very heavy. Vaccination rates were low, with 270 cases not vaccinated and 620 cases vaccinated unknown, with only 258 cases having a clear vaccination history. Conclusion Vaccination is the most effective strategy and measure to prevent and control the incidence of JE. Encephalitis B vaccine should be increased.